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The Euphorbiaceae family comprises plants possessing significant therapeutic potential, exemplified by the genera Dalechampia, Euphorbia, and Croton, recognized for their bioactive compounds and established applications in traditional medicine. Dalechampia, despite being comparatively less investigated, exhibits a remarkable phytochemical diversity, encompassing diterpenes, triterpenes, flavonoids, alkaloids, and phenolic compounds. These constituents demonstrate notable antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and neuroprotective activities. This review aims to examine the pharmacological potential of Dalechampia, highlighting both its commonalities and distinctive characteristics when compared to other genera within the family. While Euphorbia and Croton feature extensively investigated species, comprehensive studies on the species of the genus Dalechampia remain limited. Nevertheless, its isolated compounds, such as triterpenes and flavonoids, indicate promising therapeutic capabilities. Furthermore, the resin production in Dalechampia, integral to its defense mechanisms and pollinator attraction, underscores an ecological role that largely awaits thorough exploration. Comparisons with more extensively studied genera underscore the necessity for further pharmacological and toxicological investigations to elucidate the full spectrum of Dalechampia's potential applications. Future research endeavors should integrate chemical, biological, and ecological analyses to enhance the understanding of this genus, thereby contributing to the discovery of novel therapeutic agents and the sustainable management of its natural resources.
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10.32712/2446-4775.2026.1900
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