The complexity of the population dynamics of Triatoma brasiliensis in rural north-east Brazil indicated by genetic characterisation

BACKGROUND Triatoma brasiliensis, the primary Chagas disease (CD) vector in the north-east of Brazil, poses a significant challenge for control due to its adaptability and ability to colonise anthropic environments. The limited number of previous studies on the population dynamics of T. brasiliensis hinders the development of effective control strategies. OBJECTIVES This study characterises the genetic variability of T. brasiliensis populations in Jaguaruana using microsatellite markers, in order to understand the population processes of triatomine infestation and reinfestation. METHODS We analysed the genetic structure of 229 T. brasiliensis specimens collected in the municipality of Jaguaruana in the north-east Brazilian State of Ceará using microsatellite markers. FINDINGS Hardy-Weinberg disequilibrium prevailed, with substantial genetic variability (67.2%) among individuals and inbreeding, but genetic differentiation lacked correlation with geographical distance (Mantel’s test). MAIN CONCLUSIONS The complex population dynamics in Jaguaruana revealed diverse sources of anthropogenic colonisation, impacting regional control. This study underscores the necessity of comprehending intricate infestation processes for planning effective vector surveillance and control strategies.